I've been both a direct lender and mortgage broker for almost 20 years. Over the last 3-5 years, there's one thing that stands out as a major flaw in many pro forma models that I see.
When analyzing multifamily investments, many investors size only to LTV (Loan-to-Value). So many models relied on this simple calculation to size for debt.This worked for the longest time. Until recently!
The reality is that lenders will finance the lesser of 80% LTV or a loan supported by a 1.25x DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio). Actual LTVs and DSCR vary by lender and market.
So if a property is under contract at $5,000,000, many models solved for debt at 80% LTV. That's $4,000,000. But in recent years, dues to rising property values, the max loan supported on a 1.25x DSCR might be $3,000,000. This translates to a 60% LTV.
My model solves this problem. It sizes for dent similarly to how a lender does. It takes both DSCR and LTV into consideration.